Kerman rug story

Kerman rugs often boast a range of medallions and floral designs however the tree of life structure is also popular. The story of the Kerman rug is one woven with threads of resilience, artistry, and a distinctive elegance that has captivated collectors for centuries. Originating from the city and province of Kerman in south-central Iran, these carpets have a history stretching back at least to the 15th century, with their golden age often cited as the 17th century during the Safavid Dynasty.

Early Prominence and Unique Techniques:

Even in the 17th century, Kerman’s weaving techniques were considered sophisticated, with weavers employing looms that positioned cotton warps on two different levels – a testament to their innovative approach.

A unique characteristic of Kerman carpets is the “Vase technique,” identified by three shoots of weft between rows of knots. The first and third wefts are typically wool and tightly woven, while the middle weft, often silk or cotton, is woven loosely. This, along with the use of the asymmetrical Persian knot open to the left, distinguishes Kerman rugs from many other Persian carpets.

The dyeing process in Kerman was also notable, with wool often dyed in the fleece before spinning, resulting in a uniform and often vibrant color palette ranging from ivory and blues to rich magentas and saffron tones.

Periods of Change and Adaptation:

The 18th century saw some authors consider Kerman carpets, particularly those from Siftan, as the finest in all of Persia, partly due to the high quality of the local “Carmania” wool. Even shahs like Nader Shah and Naser al-Din Shah commissioned carpets from Kerman during this time.

The 19th century brought significant changes. The city of Kerman had established urban workshops, and its weavers were highly regarded for their artistry. Interestingly, floral patterns woven into Kerman carpets during this period were often inspired by the designs of Kerman shawls, another prominent local craft.

A notable event in the 19th century was the destruction of Kerman village amidst civil strife, leading many weavers to migrate to the village of Laver (or Ravar). Carpets produced here, known as Lavar or Ravar Kerman rugs, are celebrated for their fine weave and classically derived designs, often featuring multiple or central medallions and sometimes including a weaver’s signature.

Distinctive Designs and Motifs:

Kerman rugs are known for their elaborate, curvilinear designs, often blending floral and geometric motifs in a harmonious way. Common design elements include central medallions, intricate borders, and detailed corner elements.

The “Damask Rose” is a particularly popular motif in Kerman rug designs. Other well-known motifs include “Ghab Ghora’ani,” “Setooni,” “Ghabi,” “Kheshti,” “Saraam Atiyeh,” “Jangali,” “Shekargah,” and “Lachak-Toranj.” Antique carpets often feature the “Toranj” (citron) motif in borders.

A distinct type of Kerman rug from the 16th and 17th centuries is the “Vase carpet,” characterized by an all-over pattern of stylized flowers, oversized palmettes, and strategically placed vases. Later Kerman rugs, particularly in the 18th century and beyond, frequently used “lattice” patterns, dividing the central field into numerous small compartments.

In the 19th century, Kerman also became known for producing large figurative carpets, even creating pieces that copied European paintings.

Modern Kerman Rugs:

Modern Kerman rugs produced for Western markets often feature softer, pastel shades like amber, pink, and blue-gray. While traditional vase and garden themes, animal shapes, and pictorial designs persist, some also incorporate Western patterns like stripes and various repetitive motifs.

Despite some fluctuations in quality over time, Kerman remains a significant center for producing high-quality, hand-knotted carpets, prized for their elegant designs, wide color palettes, and fine craftsmanship.

The story of the Kerman rug is a testament to the enduring skill and artistic vision of its weavers, adapting to changing times and tastes while maintaining a distinctive style that continues to be admired worldwide.